Open topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Open subject - Essay Example This paper contends for ethical quality of current laws that takes into account premature birth. Deontology morals offers one of the bases for assessing ethical quality of fetus removal. As per the morals, a demonstration is good on the off chance that it is predictable with existing standards in a general public and this implies inspecting such principles as the constitution are key to understanding profound quality of fetus removal. Essential to the premature birth banter is the sacred arrangements for human rights and its security thereof from contradicting enactments. The Ninth Amendment of the constitution gives that citizens’ rights are preeminent and no law can be made to make a few rights that can encroach the previous class of rights. Instances of the secured righst are rights to protection and self-rule in dynamic. Pregnancy issues meet the protection definition and ought to stay at a woman’s depiction, subject to the current laws. Further, similar laws give t hat such a privilege is preeminent, no law ought to be made to contradict it, and this implies calls for illegalization negate deontology morals. While a few people may contend that the characterized rights in the Ninth Amendment likewise ensure the hatchling, such contentions must be legitimate if a similar constitution offered meaning of baby and accommodated its privileges. The Fourteenth Amendment anyway offers an answer for this issue through its meaning of individuals who are qualified for rights under the constitution. One of its arrangements is the expression that ‘people who are conceived or are naturalized in the United States’ and this does exclude baby since it isn't yet conceived. Subsequently, the constitution, as a component of existing laws, ensures a woman’s choice to have or not to have a fetus removal and contentions against such a position is Deontologically deceptive (University of Minnesota 1). An individual additionally has right to private property and this method of reasoning awards a lady the directly over her body and her body parts. The embryo is significantly part of a woman’s body as long all things considered in her belly and this implies the lady has directly over choices influencing the hatchling as a result of security and self-rule standards (University of California 1). Utilitarian way to deal with ethical quality on fetus removal likewise directs the discussion on whether premature birth is good and ought to be sanctioned or not. As indicated by utilitarian morals, an on-screen character is good on the off chance that it offers net advantages to a larger part of individuals from the general public and shameless if its net impacts are hurtful to a large portion of the included partners. Thinking about the instance of an undesirable pregnancy, the youngster, the mother, and individuals in the earth are the included partners. A fetus removal ends the child’s life however meets the enthusiasm o f the eager lady and the prompt society that as of now thinks about the youngster as undesirable. Constraining the lady to have the pregnancy anyway opens her to dismissal and dismissal of the kid that the lady may likewise reject and this prompts mental mischief to all the partners. In such a case along these lines, taking into consideration premature birth benefits the eager lady and the general public while not permitting fetus removal recognizes hurt for all the partners. Premature birth would in this manner be good. The embryo is likewise not yet a person and this implies it needs sentiments. Therefore, no mischief can be credited to premature birth concerning the embryo as a casualty. This further implies a woman’s intrigue is significant in a premature birth case and the fetus removal ought to be lawful

Managing Human Resources Organization

Question: Talk about the Managing Human Resources Organization. Answer: Presentation As per the contextual analysis, an emergency clinic runs its activities in various land areas in Australia with 400 workers. In any case, the association doesn't have a HR division and the duties are overseen by the fund administrator and CEO. The association has an expert who gives direction with respect to HR strategies and practices. In any case, the association faces critical difficulties, for example, non-attendance, staff lack, modern disturbance, staff complaints and others. The need viable human asset rehearses has prompted decrease in nature of care and increment in number of mishaps at the clinic. Conflictingly, the main medicinal services supplier is enthusiastic about staff commitment and hierarchical responsibility influencing quality consideration. This report intends to apply the human asset the board rehearses that would help the CEO of the medical clinic to improve activities. These techniques will assist the emergency clinic with overcoming the human asset challenge s. Further, the highlights of building a manageable HR capacity are completely depicted. Suggested Course of Action As indicated by the contextual investigation, the clinic faces critical difficulties, for example, non-attendance, staff lack, mechanical disturbance, staff complaints and others. As there is no HR division, there is a need to set up it from the scratch. In the quickly developing business sector, each medical clinic needs to have a proficient HR office to convey powerful administrations. The initial step is to make a staffing plan. The CEO of the emergency clinic needs to decide the places that should be filled. Further, the compensation for the recognized position will be resolved. As it is an enormous medical clinic, the quantity of workers in the HR office to deal with all the capacities should likewise be resolved. The standard turnover rate will be resolved that is influenced because of serious degree of the human services advertise. Further, the CEO must decide the level of staffs that have obsolete abilities and information to direct undertakings in the human services office successfully (Kramar, 2014)). The accessibility of the staffs inside the clinic for advancement will be investigated. Also, the quantity of workers that would be required for enlistment and employing must be resolved. A hole investigation will be led for deciding the distinction among request and flexibly of staffs. The subsequent advance is to make work profiles. The activity positions should be made by taking contribution from the supervisor. The abilities and capabilities required for playing out the job must be depicted (Singh et al., 2012). The third step is to make a candidate following framework. The CEO must buy a candidate following programming that would electronically deal with the enrollment needs. This product will assist the medical clinic with handling resumes, work postings and meetings. Further, the old spreadsheet and documents must be transferred in this product with the goal that numerous classifications can be made. The track and stream of candidates can be overseen utilizing this product. The fourth step is to build up a selecting framework technique. The sort of postings that must be made will be resolved. The enlistment financial plan should likewise be recognized by the CEO as outer techniques for enrollment will be utilized. The objective areas of the activity postings must be resolved (Baumgartner, 2014). The fifth step is to deal with the workers. A progression of reports will be made in regards to the excursion demands set up by the workers. Execution audits must be directed. The representative solicitations and input structures will likewise be considered. The 6th step is to devise a framework for the workers who should be supplanted. The medical clinic must direct post employment surveys with the goal that the reasons of leaving can be distinguished. The notification time of 30 days can be given to the workers at the clinic (Kelly et al., 2013). Aside from following these means, manageability can be kept up by following hardly any center capacities in the human asset work. The means are as per the following: Representative correspondences: HR of the medical clinic encourages interchanges among chains of importance and offices that outcomes in buffering for potential grinding while at the same time advancing arrangement of casual gatherings or boards that will underline in detailing ways for improving supportability in the emergency clinic. In any case, HR of the medical clinic should speak with whole representative base as often as possible in regards to the objectives and progress of the supportability objectives of the emergency clinics. Along these lines pace of correspondence additionally is expanded (Pinzone et al., 2016). Commitment: Employee commitment is an indispensable calculate that helps detailing manageable procedures for the medical clinic. Participative administration is the best type of initiative that can be drilled in the association by the HR chiefs. Be that as it may, HR in this point of view assumes a fundamental job in the contribution of representatives in the work environment activities like vitality effectiveness, reusing, administration advancement, and decreasing waste (Stone, 2013). Manageability centered chipping in: Delivering people group administration is a piece of CSR exercises. In any case, commitment of representatives both regarding outer networks and as far as inner networks is fundamental for improving the chipping in administration of the emergency clinic. Chipping in exercises are likewise drilled inside the association so as to improve the manageability inside the association. HR supervisors are engaged with the maintainability of the representative techniques so as to join them with authoritative objectives (Mariappanadar Kramar, 2014). Decrease of waste as far as ability obtaining process: The HR office needs to recognize the methodologies that have not been working to assist the representatives. Decrease of waste methods the uncouth techniques that brought about the diminished efficiency of the workers. Be that as it may, squander in ability procurement infers the feasible methodologies that will fuse green eco-accommodating procedures during the time spent enlistment and choice. They may utilize full electronic framework in their employing procedure (Snell et al., 2015). Starting CSR into HR exercises: When CSR is actualized in the HRM systems of the organization then it tends to be named as CSHR. Numerous veteran HR administrators have utilized this methodology regarding economical act of HR in the authoritative point of view. These methodologies are answerable for saddling the open doors through different scopes of authoritative procedures. It includes the arrangement of the authoritative objectives with HR objectives (Dubois, 2012). Highlights of Building Sustainable HR Capability There is immaterial nexus between HR and maintainability. The essential precept of maintainability is to augment the positive advantages through the business tasks. The HR can empower representative commitment and structure green groups to address supportability. Supportability implies social, monetary and natural factors by satisfying the need of the present age without settling on what's to come. A couple of instances of building supportable HR rehearses are empowering representatives through preparing and pay. Remuneration incorporates both money related and non financial parts, for example, base compensation, medical coverage, execution rewards and retirement plans. It might pull in the representatives and upgrade the profitability of the medical clinic. Pay is additionally a type of inspiration for the representatives. It is in such a case that the supervisor shares rewards or benefit with their workers, the exhibition can be straightforwardly influenced. Pay additionally helps in holding gainful workers with the goal that a fruitful business can be run. The emergency clinic offering such advantages will have the option to hold its representatives as it very well may be seen that the turnover rate and non-appearance is high (Bamberger et al., 2014). Ordinary advancements can likewise help in holding workers. Preparing helps in making better procedures and effective work. P reparing is likewise a technique to permit the clinic to remain serious. Preparing will help in diminishing turnover rate and ad lib the administration contributions at the medical clinic. Maintainable human asset the executives speaks to the manageability and job in the HR capacity of the medical clinic. The business system should concentrate on the HR procedures that will stress programs on work life balance, cash based methodologies, representative advantages, worker commitment programs, time based and data based technique. The point of the HR division of the medical clinic will improve the efficiency of the workers of both center level and junior level supervisors (Ehnert et al., 2016). Medical clinics is more sort of administration based industry as opposed to items. Individuals seek profiting the administration gave by the medical clinic. The essential job of the representatives is to guarantee the workers gainful by detailing successful and proficient individuals the board programs. In the serious business world, it very well may be seen that the requests of the market additionally focuses on the necessities of the organization as far as HR requests (Harris Treg idga, 2012). The supportable methodologies must form a solid instance of business that diagram the budgetary effect. To control crafted by the HR, some of the time, key administration branch of associations meddle in crafted by the HR administrators so they are lined up with the hierarchical objectives. Aside from these key highlights, the medical clinic must consolidate numerous different highlights in keeping up manageability in the HR rehearses. These practices must guarantee a supportable execution culture inside the association. The proportions of the HR rehearses center around the preparation advancement and enlistment while creating different procedures in various parameters (Scherer et al., 2013). Time based system delineates arrangements defined by HR chiefs that are work sharing, flexime, shutting plants, low maintenance works and for various spe

Functions of Management Paper †MGT 330

Elements of Management Paper - MGT 330 Free Online Research Papers At the point when I consider Management, I consider it defining clear objectives, arranging the best way to accomplish these objectives and undertakings, partitioning work and having solid aptitudes in propelling others, and having an unmistakable standard to effectively accomplish the best in each work fragment. When defining objectives, a supervisor should be somebody who can utilize explicit strategies to work with their association to effectively accomplish the objectives. There are four essential elements of the executives that one should use so as to effectively accomplish their objectives; arranging, sorting out, driving, and controlling. These capacities are the premise all things considered. They can be executed regardless of who is defining the objectives; from little, by and by claimed organizations to bigger companies. Inside the profession field I have picked, these capacities have demonstrated to be incredibly significant in accomplishing the objectives that I have gone ahead in the working environment. Arranging is one of the most significant of the four capacities in the executives. To be a fruitful director one needs to show solid arranging abilities. As indicated by (Bateman Snell, 2009), arranging is determining objectives to be accomplished and choosing, ahead of time, the proper activities expected to accomplish those objectives. The organization that I am utilized with, Regions Bank, officially AmSouth Bank, has been in activity for a long time and is reliably intending to accomplish long and transient objectives. Locales Bank is an organization that puts together its accomplishments with respect to arranging out various advertising procedures for giving new inventive items to its clients. Arranging new advertising strategies is the way in to a fruitful business. The second capacity in the executives is sorting out. As indicated by (Dessler Starke, 2004), getting sorted out depends on masterminding the exercises of an undertaking so that they methodicallly add to the objectives of that venture. In many organizations individuals will in general accept that association is even more a human asset work, yet in the financial business association it is essential that immediate managers are utilizing this capacity too. Being in the situation of an immediate director, it has been my obligation to allot assets and ensure that there are work obligations set out so as to characterize singular jobs. Notwithstanding characterizing singular jobs, I additionally create and manage explicit instructional classes to keep representatives on target and keep them needing to cooperate with one another in groups. So as to diagram the objectives of achievement in the work environment, the work that is set for people must be composed. By keeping the workplace in a co mposed way, representative good remains high and it keeps everybody anticipating succeeding. Districts Bank would not have succeeded and developed into the establishment that it is today without having a high level of association. Driving is the third capacity of the board. Without having somebody there to lead or guide an individual or gathering then there would not be any inspiration to need to arrive at a potential objective. Propelling and empowering workers is a fundamental piece of working the organization. In the event that representatives have a decent workplace they will in general be increasingly beneficial and make the organization progressively gainful by getting included. As a pioneer, I have steady day by day contact with workers by utilizing all accessible specialized apparatuses. This enables me to give guidance to people just as inside groups, offices, and divisions. I accept that having great correspondence just forms a more grounded bond between a representative and their boss. Not exclusively are there going to be more grounded bonds, yet the administrator will at that point acquire trust in their workers which will, thus, give the representatives more inspiration to follow in their pioneer s strides. Controlling is the remainder of the four capacities in the executives. Controlling isn't simply comprehending what an individual is doing, yet setting measures that should be followed to achieve a particular objective. Control is the way toward observing exercises to guarantee that they are being practiced as arranged and rectified without huge deviations (Robbins Coulter, pg.38). In attempting to screen my representatives, I need to remain as concentrated as conceivable on the exercises being finished. I have discovered that if a chief isn't observing the advancement inside their area of expertise then they won't know about the progressions that may should be made. In the wake of having talked about the four capacities in the board, I accept that they all assume a significant job in having a fruitful group and association. There will consistently be opportunity to get better with everybody in the organization. With the utilization of the four capacities in the executives; arranging, sorting out, driving, and controlling, I accept that top, center, and base administration will have the option to cooperate and stay with the persuaded to accomplish an ideal set objectives. In keeping a checking framework in actuality, it will likewise be simpler to keep everybody on a similar track to progress. By having the information and capacity to execute the four administration capacities talked about over, each business can accomplish any arrangement of objectives. References Bateman, Thomas S., Snell, Scott A. (2009). The executives: Leading and Collaborating in a Competitive World (eighth ed.). , : McGraw-Hill. Dessler, Gary., Starke, Frederick. (2004). The executives: Principles and Practice for Tomorrows Leaders (second ed.). , : Pearson Educations, Inc. Robbins, Stephen P., Coulter, Mary. (pg. 38). Accessible from kimba.ku.ac.th/look into/Organization%20and%20Management.pdf. Research Papers on Functions of Management Paper MGT 330The Project Managment Office SystemMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesLifes What IfsBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Hockey GameOpen Architechture a white paperRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanDefinition of Export QuotasIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Evolution of Skyscrapers Essay Example for Free

Development of Skyscrapers Essay 1.Historical Development In High-Rise Buildings Old Skyscrapers The Great Ziggurat of Babylon Maybe the most noteworthy structure in the old Middle East, the Great Ziggurat of Babylon was worked over a range of quite a few years in the Sixth Century BC. Its seven stories, based upon a square establishment, extended 300 feet into the sky. Some think it was the motivation for the notorious Tower of Babel in the Book of Genesis. In this outline, King Nebuchadnezzar, who controlled Babylon from 604 to 561 BC, is seen neglecting his capital The towers of Bologna The towers of and were worked in Europe, or together until Bologna are thin, as much as 60 meters (150 feet) tall, by the rich for protection and as superficial points of interest. No other site maybe the world, had such a large number of tall structures swarmed the happening to high rises in the late nineteenth century. Fig. 1 The incomparable Ziggurat of Babylon Upwards of 180 towers, of a wide range of statures, are thought to have been worked in Bologna during the 1100s and somewhat later; presently there are scarcely 20. The two generally conspicuous (seen here) are the images of the city and have for quite some time been referred to together as the Two Towers. Fig. 2 The towers of Bologna The First Safety Elevators In this period representation, customers ride the lift in the new Lord Taylors retail chain on Broadway in New York City at some point during the 1870s. Around a similar time, the first-historically speaking lift in a place of business was additionally introduced in New York. It was structured by Elisha Otis, whose organization got interchangeable with the new contraption. Lifts altered places of business, actually flipping around them. Preceding their creation, the lower floors of a structure were the most significant investment property in light of the trouble and bother of climbing the steps. Be that as it may, the lift made it feasible for world class inhabitants to appreciate the view from the upper floors and permit structures to ascend increasingly elevated. Fig. 3 The primary Safety Elevators Incredible Chicago Fire In this outline, Chicago occupants escape the fear of the Chicago fire which crushed their city over a three-day time frame in October 1871. The fire caused about $200 million in harm, executed somewhere in the range of 300 individuals and left another 100,000 destitute. In spite of this cost, the devastation freed the path for Chicago to manufacture scores from present day steel-confined office towers and to get one of Americas most compositionally striking urban communities. Fig. 4 Great Chicago Fire The First high rise Chicagos 10-story Home Insurance Building, worked in 1884 and planned by William Jenney, was apparently the primary genuine current office tower. It was the principal working to utilize basic steel in any event mostly in its edge, and was the main tall structure to be insulated both inside and outside. It was torn down in 1931 yet its inheritance lives on in a large number of steel-confined and insulated structures far and wide. Fig. 5 Home Insurance Building The Tribune Tower People on foot stroll past the luxurious passageway and lower floors of Tribune Tower, home of the Chicago Tribune paper, which was worked in 1925. The 36-story Gothic Revival structure was planned by John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood, who won a challenge held by the news organization to make the most excellent and unmistakable place of business on the planet. Fig. 6 The Tribune Tower The Chrysler Building With its lofty tower, New York Citys Chrysler Building is maybe the most well known Art Deco structure on the planet. Worked in 1930, the 77-story structure was quickly the tallest structure on the planet. The figures at the top and around the edges are really enlivened by Chrysler hubcaps and hood trimmings. The structures tightening profile is maybe the best case of structure follows zoning by taking New York Citys misfortune prerequisites from 1916 zoning laws requiring new structures to leave progressively open space around them and transforming them into a dazzling prime example Fig. 7 The Chrysler Building The Empire State Building endures a hit This photograph shows the spot where a B-25 aircraft struck the Empire State Building in July 1945. The airplane was shipping servicemen from Massachusetts to New Yorks La Guardia Airport when pilot William Smith veered appallingly off kilter in substantial haze. Fourteen individuals including Smith were murdered when the aircraft hit the high rise. The structures 79th floor burst into flames, and New York City firemen fearlessly hurried up into the structure to safeguard tenants and put out the blast. The structures structure and insulating both demonstrated sufficient that the New York milestone revived the next week. Fig. 8 The Empire State Building World Trade Center The renowned twin towers of the World Trade Center were worked by the Port Authority during the 1960s as a feature of a push to revive lower Manhattan. The structure was disparaged by pundits as exhausting. One sway compared it to a monster pair of file organizers, however in time it turned into a well known New York milestone. The first WTC was the first to utilize sky entryways where individuals would change from express to nearby lifts, an arrangement enlivened by the New York metro framework. It likewise had fully open, segment free spaces that were perfect for Fig. 9 The World Trade Center the work spaces at that point getting famous in office structure. The towers were demolished in the 2001 fear based oppressor assault that murdered in excess of 2,700 individuals Singes Tower At the point when the Sears Tower, later renamed the Willis Tower, opened in 1973, the 108-story structure turned into the tallest structure on the planet and held that title until Malaysias Petronas Towers asserted the differentiation in 1998. This high rise had the option to accomplish that tallness through a stupendous building advancement that presented the packaged cylinder structure the Sears Tower is extremely nine square towers packaged together. It was the beginning of a transformation in basic structure that allowed higher and more slender towers than had at any point been worked previously Fig. 10 The Sears Tower The Citicorp Building Skirts Disaster The 59-story Citigroup Center structure, finished in 1977, needed to experience an exorbitant quality overhaul the next year after it was found that the structure was perilously helpless against solid askew breezes hitting the structures corners. This shortcoming was an outcome of the arrangement of the fundamental help segments at the focal point of the sides instead of on the corners on the grounds that the structure needed to skim over a congregation that claimed the property. This strong plan won acclaim for the planner yet he along these lines needed to endure the results to a great extent stealthily in case alarm break out of trying different things with untested auxiliary components. On the off chance that solid hazardous breezes had really toppled the Citicorp building, it is evaluated that it may have taken 16 squares of Manhattan with it. Fig. 11 The Citicorp Building The Petronas Tower Visitors have their image taken outside the taking off towers of the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The 88-story towers, which were finished in the mid-to-late 1990s, were for quite a long while the universes tallest structures. The task was the harbinger of a worldwide move in high rise working in which Middle Eastern and Asian nations have been hustling to raise the tallest and most lofty towers Fig. 12 The Petronas Tower The Gherkin, London One of the more unordinary locates in the London horizon is 20 St. Mary Ax, a 41-story office tower opened in 2004, which is nicknamed The Gherkin in view of its likeness to a pickle. Despite the fact that odd-looking, the structure is a model for another age of inventive, super vitality proficient structures. Vertical holes in the structure make a characteristic ventilation framework that permits warm air to emerge from the structure. These openings likewise permit the inside workplaces to utilize more Fig. 13 The 20 St. Mary Ax normal light to extraordinarily lessening electrical utilization The Marina Bay Sands Singapores Marina Bay Sands, a gambling club and resort complex which opened in 2011, cost an astounding $8 billion to construct. Engineer Moshie Safdies irregular structure, with its trio of 55-story towers, supposedly was enlivened via card decks on gaming tables. The three towers are associated by a monster porch that bolsters the universes longest raised pool. The steel for the pool weighs 191,416 kilos (422,000 pounds) and the water it can hold gauges an extra 1,424,098 kilos (3,139,600 pounds). The towers are built to permit development in the breeze up to 50 centimeters and longer-term settling in the dirt. Fig. 14 The Marina Bay Sands Burj Khalifa Dubais 160-story Burj Khalifa, which opened in 2010, is by a long shot the universes tallest structure. Its alarming, rocket transport like appearance, found in this photograph, appears to be proposed to get consideration more than all else. As engineering pundit Paul Goldberger has composed, You dont manufacture this sort of high rise to house individuals you do it to ensure the world knows what your identity is. The tall, tightening configuration is suggestive of high rises like the Chrysler Fig. 15 The Burj Khalifa and Empire State structures despite the fact that you could put the two New York high rises one on the other they despite everything would not be as tall. The New World Trade Center One World Trade Center (otherwise called Tower One) ascents over lower Manhattan on the site of where the twin towers pulverized in 2001. At the point when finished in 2013, it will have a tower that is correctly 1,776 feet tall (541 meters), making it the third tallest structure on the planet and the most elevated in the Western Hemisphere. The new WTCs base is encased in thick solid, steel boards and impact safe glass, making it probably the hardest high rise at any point fabricated, however security concerns have caused the structures cost to take off, arriving at the region of $4 billion. Fig. 16The New World Trade Center Fig. 17 Height Comparison of Noticeable Tall Buildings 2. Order of Tall Building Structure System In 1969 Fazlur Khan ordered basic frameworks for tall buildin

Mommy

Mommy Once upon a time there was a child ready to be born. So one day he asked God: How am I going to live on earth being so small and helpless?God replied, Among the many angels, I chose one for you. She will be waiting for you and will take care of you.But tell me, here in Heaven, I dont do anything else but sing and smile, thats enough for me to be happy. Your angel will sing for you and will also smile for you every day. And you will feel your angels love and be happy.And how am I going to be able to understand when people talk to me, if I dont know the language that men talk?Your angel will tell you the most beautiful and sweet words you will ever hear, and with much patience and care, your angel will teach you how to speak.And what am I going to do when I want to talk to you?Your angel will place your hands together and will teach you how to pray.Ive heard that on earth there are bad men. Who will protect me?Your angel will defend you even if it means risking its life.But I will alw ays be sad because I will not see you anymore. Your angel will always talk to you about me and will teach you the way for you to come back to me, even though I will always be next to you.At that moment there was much peace in Heaven, but voices from earth could already be heard, and the child in a hurry asked softly:Oh God, if I am about to leave now, please tell me my angels name.Your angels name is of no importance, you will call your angel: Mommy.Author Unknown Submitted by Debbie Dedicate to all mothers!

Evolution Of The Federal Reserve Bank’s Monetary Policy - 275 Words

Evolution Of The Federal Reserve Bank’s Monetary Policy (Term Paper Sample) Content: Evolution of the Federal Reserve Banks Monetary Policy during and after the Great RecessionName of StudentName of InstitutionABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the evolution of the Federal Reserve Banks monetary policy during and after the Great Recession as explored via three published articles and essays found online. These articles give a description of instruments used when crisis hit.The main focus in this paper will be on the evolution of the Federal Reserve Banks monetary policy during and after the Great Recession of the year 2007.This paper will also discuss the concept of Too Big to fail.Evolution of the Federal Reserve Banks monetary policy during and after the Great Recession.A Federal Reserve Bank is a regional bank of the Federal system, the Central banking system of the United States and they are 12 in total. The main responsibility of the Federal Reserve is to oversee the banking as well as financial systems of its banks. The monetary policy is referred to as the actions a bank like the Federal Reserve undertakes to influence the cost and availability of money and credit so as to help promote national economic goals. The Great Recession is described as a prolonged and severe economic downturn and economists trace the most recent one to the downfall of the United States hosing market in the year 2007. This lasted fromDecember 2007 to June 2009 leading to a drop in asset values due to a fall in stock prices, slow earning thus repelling investors. A recession usually has a domino effect whereby the level of unemployment is increased and the consumer spending is decreased. The too big to fail concept explains that specific businesses [biggest banks] such as the Federal Reserve are so vital to the to the United States economy that it would be catastrophic if they went bankrupt.DiscussionThe Great Recession was caused by several factors with the major causes being international trade imbalances and a lax in lending standards leading to high levels of household debt and a real estate bubble in the US. Once this started, various responses like the monetary policy by the Federal Reserve were implemented with an aim to achieve success. The measures taken were designed to help indebted consumers to refinance their mortgage debt.Before the financial crisis of 2007, there was a widespread emergence financial innovations that were insufficiently regulated leading to creation of asserts that brought risks to financial stability. Emerging economies such as Asia had started to build up foreign exchange reserves that were putting a hedge against the flow international capitals. In a year, they would consume less than they would produce, developed economies would consume more than they produced while the latter countries would live beyond their means.During the financial crisis of 2007, the monetary policy began to fine tune the money market by introducing measures such as conducting supplementary refinancing operations with matur ities of 3 to 6 months hence lengthening the average maturity of liquidity proving to be suitable and strong to address the challenges. ...

Do All Rivers Flow South

It disturbs me how often Im asked why x river flows northward or for the name of three rivers that flow north. Most of these questions come from Americans who, for some reason, must presume that since the Mississippi flows south, all rivers on the planet flow south. Thus, to hopefully educate the world about the goals and desires of rivers, Ive written a new article called, Rivers Flowing North. Cheers!

The Culmination Of A Wonderful And Enlightening Course...

This research paper is the culmination of a wonderful and enlightening course offered by Calvary Chapel Bible College; a verse-by-verse, in-depth study, into the Book of Genesis. The lectures were given by Pastor Clark Van Wick of Calvary Chapel Bible Fellowship, in Temecula, California. Pastor Van Wick not only has a deep knowledge of God s revelation to His people, but he pours out the love of Jesus into his students hearts throughout each lecture. The enthusiasm and joy Pastor Van Wick has for Bible exposition is felt by his students in every verse. Thank you, Pastor Van Wick! The Book of Genesis; its purpose and divisions. The Book of Genesis is the first of sixty-six individual revelations of God Himself to us, His creation, whom He obviously loves more than we could possibly comprehend. I would hope to be able to grasp a small iota of that love when I finally am able to stand in His presence. Genesis is foundational; the necessary table legs that the succeeding sixty-five books stand boldly upon. â€Å"If the Bible were somehow expurgated of the Book of Genesis (as many people today would prefer), the rest of the Bible would be incomprehensible. It would be like a building without a ground floor, or a bridge with no support.†1 Genesis is appropriately named, as it is the Greek word ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ­ÃŽ ½ÃŽ µÃÆ'ÃŽ ¹Ãâ€š, which is defined as birth, lineage, or descent. I would venture at this point that Genesis should not be limited to one, but encompasses all three defining words, in great detail.

Dubai as an International Finance Centre - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2865 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Running Head: Advanced Strategic Management 1 Dubai as an International Finance center Case Study Question 1: Describe the strategic plan of Dubai in 2015. Paraphrase and add your criticism and comments that shows the comprehension of the case as well as the chapters from 1 to 4. Include at least two facts about each sector of the strategic plan. Feel free to bring those facts from primary or secondary resources but make sure that you reference those facts in the list of references. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dubai as an International Finance Centre" essay for you Create order In your criticism show the possible improvements in the strategic plan. Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Strategic Plan The economical meltdown occurring globally and unleashing havoc all over GCC has forced various governments to create ambitious strategic targets for the economical welfare of their countries. Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Strategic Plan for 2015 (DSP) is considered to be the most ambitious strategic plan that was prepared and published in 2007 in the context of outpouring of direct foreign investment that was aggravating the boom in trade, tourism and construction projects. Over the last four decades, Dubai has been able to diversify its economy from an oil base economy and transformed it into an investment and trade centre. Dubai has earned tremendous profits from its strategic geographical location with effective rule of the highness that made Dubai to accept change and implement such strategies in order to support rapid growth. The overall leadership oriented vision of Dubai has been incorporated and discussed elaborately in the DSP for 2015, with focusing on main five sectors: Economical development: Due to the rapid foreign investments with the versatile availability of land resources for construction purposes, effective leadership and blooming tourism sector the future of economical development in Dubai remains outstanding. As an integral aspect of Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategic plan it targets to achieve an annual growth of eleven percent following the sustainability of per capita income of forty four thousand American Dollars and gross domestic product of about one hundred eight billion dollars till the end of the 2015. The statistics also prove an annual rise of four percent in labor productivity with the promotion of new sectors consisting of stable and effective competencies. Further the strategic plan targets various economical related sectors of Dubai like trade, construction, tourism, professional services while escalating the overall productivity of these sectors. Dubai consists of potential relative strengths in its various economical secto rs Development of Infrastructure, land and resources: Strategic plans regarding development of Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s infrastructure are summarized as follow: Urban planning Preserving natural resources Developing energy sector Provision of surplus energy, water and electricity supplies Meeting Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s growth demands Launching more power generation plants and desalination plants Social development: UAE is considered to be the second largest power in the Arab region however it is battling immensely with its demographics. Regarding social developments of Dubai focuses on preserving the national identity of the Emirates as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Population imbalanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ found in this Middle power due to increasing immigrants which is effecting badly the national identity, original race and cultural norms and values of its very own national population which became minority now (Mohammed, 2015). Therefore strategies are formed in light of this issue and maintaining population balance. Government Excellence Excellence will be achieved in every aspect of the business operations. The strategic plans will be focusing on ensuring procedures of accountability and the financial systems will be transformed from cash to accrual basis with updating the human resource practices. Justice, and Security Regarding justice and safety, Dubai is considered to be the safest emirate. In fact the strategic approaches place their attentions and priorities upon security and justice devices. The government of UAE is very conscious of security of every citizen (Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 2015 Strategic Plan B, 2015). Criticism: Possible improvements in Strategic Plan Innovation and continuous improvement Dubai, an Oasis in the desert transformed into a cosmopolitan within last two decades like UK, East Asia and US. All such rapid changes are due to its extensive economical growth, which made this isolated region with its own identical values pretty much attracted in the eyes of foreigners. Just as its global competitors, Dubai has also challenging issues in social, cultural, demographic and economical grounds. Despite of its effective full prove strategies through Dubai strategic Plan 2015 it still requires two improvements that are Innovation and Continuous improvement. Today innovat ion is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“much more than new products and processesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Indeed Dubai is striving hard for its immense development. The concept of continuous improvement is related to innovation. Continuous improvement is a management process that constantly monitors what the enterprise ids doing and how people are doing it. This enables leaders to identify and address problems and foster growth through ongoing improvement of products, services, procedures and processes. True leaders like Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the people whom others instinctively look to for a direction are lifelong learners and observers who are constantly looking for ways to do things better and in unique ways. Question 2: Identify the core competencies of Dubai strategic plan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2015. Criticize those core competencies. Connect the core competencies of Dubai strategy in 2015 to the United Arab Emirates Vision in 2021. Identification of core competencies in Dubai Strategic Pl an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2015 By identifying the core competencies of the Dubai strategic plan we will be identifying the design of competitive positions and strategies of the plan that will eventually capitalize on its corporate strengths. Furthermore it will enable Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Government to integrate the usage of technology in completing various business processes. Following are the identified core competencies of the Dubai Strategic Plan 2015: Entrepreneurial Orientation: the emirates of Dubai consists of the ability to identify and recognize seize profitable business opportunities as the government of Dubai is invalid in trade and construction projects merged with other foreign companies by encouraging entrepreneurial behavior in every stake holder. Strategic Thinking and Ideology: Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s competitive position is recognized in the context of industry trends with existing and potential opportunities and its SWOT analysis. The strategies developed in reference to the developing infrastructure of Dubai will enable it to conquer different worlds of businesses. Proposals are developed in advance for about five to ten years that is based upon situational analysis and its current and potential capabilities which is compared with its past performances and conditions. Analytical Planning: throughout the development of the Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategic planning dilemmas and challenges are dealt by logical, rational and systematic, sequential approaches. Comparison is developed among alternatives and the best solution chosen is finally implemented. For future strategic planning discrepancies and inconsistencies with numbers are also analyzed. Decisions are based upon benefits, priorities and expenses. Building Collaborative Relationships: Cordial relationships are building on the basis of trust and confidence. Partnerships are made stronger with foreign partners and with local partners as well. Shared interests, experiences and information are shared deliberately by which experiences and learning processes grow. Rapport and common professional relationships are developed. Forward Thinking: the strategic plan for Dubai of 2015 was created in 2007. As plan for the year 2021 has also been created. This proves their forward thinking to be there basic core competency that enables them to anticipate the implications and after wards consequences of the various circumstances and taking appropriate action plan for contingencies being faced at time. The government of Dubai creates contingency plans in advance which further anticipate possible future dilemmas. Developing a strategic plan based upon future expectations and goals trends in various sectors and industries are also analyzed for developmental plans to take benefits from potential opportunities. Criticism of the core competencies of Dubai Strategic Plan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2015 While Developing the Entrepreneurial orientation, the government lacks to demonstrate willingness to calculate any forecasted risk or threat that is being created in order to achieve business goals. At the current moment Dubai consists of 3 billion square ft of land with twenty four projects being constructed upon regarding every sector, whether that is social, eco tourism, infrastructure or science related (Environmental concerns over Dubai tourism developments, 2015). Obviously for such a wide construction consists of large scale of employees. Even though strategic plan supports social developments still at the bottom there lays an exploited underclass. Dubai with its rapid economical development relies heavily upon labor. Eighty to ninety percent of the work force living in overall UAE is migrants. These are the people who built such beautiful ornaments and beautify the Emirates with creative a nd attractive aesthetics. But unfortunately these labors have no voice and no owners of the vision. They labor in infamously harsh conditions. Critics view this scenario as stating Dubai to be a morally bankrupt dictatorship built by a slave captive labor. This entire situation supports the argument that Dubai is a hierarchical utopian experiment with an Arabic version of a capitalist vision. This situation involves all five core competencies mentioned above. As these core competences are working effectively at the current moment but can totally divert the situation if migrated employees raise their voice against unfair practices and demand for extended rights. Connections between Dubai Strategic Plan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2015 and the United Arab Emirates Vision of 2021 Both of the plans are directed towards the fulfillment of economical development and future prosperity of UAE. Both of the plans are quite similar in their content and strategies. Theme one, in UAEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ ž ¢s Vision of 2021 that is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“United in Ambition and Responsibilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  consists of same basic strategies as mentioned in the social development being taking place in Dubai. Citizens are socially made empowered and security and justice is provided to them on equal basis. Theme three, United in Knowledge supports the vision of Sustainable and diversified economy of UAE. Question 3: Write introductory paragraph on how to measure the effectiveness of a strategic plan in Covering 2 guidelines from the given slide in measuring the effectiveness of Dubai Strategic Plan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2015 by usage of two external references. Introductory paragraph: how to measure the effectiveness of a strategic plan For measuring the effectiveness of any strategic plan one has to analyze how the objectives are interconnected with the plans that have to be achieved. The strategies created can be completely effective if the resources utilized are according to the p repared plan and desired results are achieved. Usually strategic plans are developed under the sphere of forecasted results and past performances but the authorized person or the head of the plan should evaluate the whole plan with measuring resources and performances on continuous basis (Nelson, 2015). After six months or annually the performances can be matched for effectiveness. Following steps can be followed one by one to evaluate the effectiveness of the prepared strategic plan (Markgraf, 2015): Developing Strategies that are measurable 2. Variables should be measured During Implementation 3. Evaluating the Performances continuously 4. Reviewing the Effectiveness of the strategies In Terms Of its respective Objectives Measuring the effectiveness of sectorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ sub-strategic plans in Dubai strategic plan of 2015 For measuring the effectiveness of the Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategic plan I will be referring to the slide provided for this concern. For the implementation of effective strategic management one should indeed create an organization that operates with characteristics of ritualistic and rigid nature. One running such a vast empire such as the emirates of Dubai the leader must act and perform in such a way that he is always flexible and employees look upon him for guidance. As employees will be satisfied the business operation performances will also be up to mark. In other words the leader should be visionary and flexible in his teachings to provide a simple direction towards the organization goals. Other than being flexible in every procedure, the leaders and the upper management as well should be a self reflective learning process through which employees learn and fol low you for fulfilling the organizational goals. The employees look for effective leadership as a source of reassurance and guarantee, as an anchor to provide a degree of security and stability. Regarding the economical developments, productivity growth and human capital excellence are improving quality wise rapidly. As it can be evaluated through different methods that the transformation of the infrastructure of Dubai is converting itself into a hub of business excellence through human capital as well. The work force is prepared for fulfillment of the organizational goals through effective leadership and strategic planning. At the current moment Dubai is engaged in businesses with Africa, Libya and Iraq (Dubai World-Class Infrastructure and a Global Hub for Trade, Transport and Tourism, 2015). The development of infrastructure can be witnessed through the construction of the marvelous Burj Al Arab Hotel that is presiding over the Jumeiraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s beach coastline being the only hotel consisting of a seven star rating in the world. For the sake of astonishing developments reagrding economical sectors, UAE intends to spend more than about three hundred billion U.S dollars on the Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s infrastructure till the end of year 2030. Question 4: By using chapters 3 and 4 for introductory part about internal and external environmental analysis, determine two components in each factor of SWOT analysis from the case and how they interact with each other. Add two logical criticisms to the given SWOT analysis and how this criticism can lead to improve the SWOT analysis of the case. Internal Analysis As the process of strategic management initiates, managers are entitled to carry on the internal analysis of the organization. The internal analysis is considered to be the first part of the SWOT analysis that consists of two attributes, strengths and weaknesses. Primarily the strengths and weaknesses of a company are identified for furthe r analyzing its core competencies and the current situation of the business. For the effectiveness of the strategic plans and approaches the companies must tend to exploit and ensure the extension of its potential strengths. Why entrepreneurs measure the strengths and weaknesses of the organization is related to the fact of gaining competitive advantage over its rivalries. For being competitive the company should develop its strengths and eliminate or reduce weaknesses. By identifying its strengths or core competencies the organization can differentiate itself on the basis of its offered products or / and services or some may decrease their costs for gaining large market share. External Analysis The second part of the SWOT analysis deals with leaders and managers recognizing the organizations opportunities and threats that is said to be the external analysis of a company. The identification of potential opportunities and threats are to be taken seriously as to develop strategi es. Following are the factors stated that are involved in the process of external assessment: The potential threats of an entry by potential rivalries The intensity of competition among established organizations within an market Consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s purchasing power Supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s bargaining power Similarity among alternative products SWOT Analysis Strengths Due to the rapid foreign investments with the versatile availability of land resources for construction purposes, effective leadership and blooming tourism sector the future of economical development in Dubai remains outstanding. Weaknesses: Burden created through Dubai financial Debts is an alarming concern for the UAE financial entities and investors. Further more if the situation is not handled in time it may cause instability in its financial ecosystem as the Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial entity forms an integral part of the IFC (Srivastava, 2015). Opportunities Tourism sector is blooming and is at its top state that brings the capital inflows that welcomes a huge channel of opportunities with it. The vacant region of MENA brings numerous opportunities with relocating citizens there (Srivastava, 2015). Threats The migrated labors have no voice, rights and no owners of the vision. They labor in infamously harsh conditions. Critics view this scenario as stating Dubai to be a morally bankrupt dictatorship built by a slave captive labor. This entire situation supports the argument that Dubai is a hierarchical utopian experiment with an Arabic version of a capitalist vision. Hence it portrays a distorted image of Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Infrastructure. Criticism There will come a state where there will be no place left vacant for construction purposes. Opportunity will reduce with the passage go time as construction will also be decreased. Regarding the tourism sector, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a highly competitive and challenging sector to be always maintained and fulfill expectations of the tourists that belong to every part of the world with high demands. References Dubai World-Class Infrastructure and a Global Hub for Trade, Transport and Tourism. (2015, March 16). Retrieved from Forbes custom: https://www.forbescustom.com/EconomicDevelopmentPgs/DubaiWorldClass.html Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 2015 Strategic Plan B. (2015, March 15). Retrieved from Arabian business: https://www.arabianbusiness.com/dubai-s-2015-strategic-plan-b-40713.html?parentID=325206 Environmental concerns over Dubai tourism developments. (2015, March 16). Retrieved from Global Travel Industry News: https://www.eturbonews.com/2273/environmental-concerns-over-dubai-tourism-dev Markgraf, B. (2015, March 16). Strategy Effectiveness. Retrieved from Chron: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/strategy-effectiveness-76012.html Mohammed, E. (2015, March 15). The debate on UAE national identity. Retrieved from Gulf News: https://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/the-debate-on-uae-national-identity-1.106921 Nelson, S. S. (2015, March 16). Implementing for Results: Your Strategic Plan in Action. Retrieved from Google Books: https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=qqKTAwAAQBAJpg=PA35dq=how+to+ measure+the+effectiveness+of+a+strategic+planhl=ensa=Xei=ovgFVdmtOc6qaafDgcAOved=0CD4Q6AEwBw#v=onepageq=how to measure the effectiveness of a strategic planf=false Srivastava, S. (2015, March 16). Dubai As An International Finance Center, a SWOT Analysis. Retrieved from Economic and Market Analysis That Matters: https://www.econmatters.com/2014/09/dubai-as-international-finance-center.html

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 1391 Words

It s early November, the brown leaves from the trees above are covering the sidewalk. I just got out of class and wanted to grab some coffee before I jump on the train and head back home. I like to do some studying on the train but I get distracted a lot of the time and usually end up listening to my music and staring out the window. Right as I get out of class it starts raining. With my hood over my head and a newspaper for extra protection I run across the street to the Cafe. As I enter the scent of the roasted coffee beans hits my nose and I am instantly relaxed. I look around as I wipe my feet on the mat. I notice the next person in line and walk up to wait behind them. The line isn t too long. I notice a little hole in my jacket and think how I possibly got that. I m wearing a striped white and black sweater that I got from HM with a heavy dusty brown jacket, black pants with rips on the knee, and some brown booties I got from a department store, Macy s I think. My hair is in a pony tail, a few hairs sticking out of the back and sides. It s a quick ponytail I had to rush today and of course my glasses. As I m standing in line I drift away and start to stare out the window. Outside there are cars going by, people on the phone talking to their loved ones, walking their dogs, a group of women on their way to get lunch together. It all looks very busy and loud. Inside, there is a low chatter. A man flipping to the next page of his newspaper, a woman with herShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1110 Words   |  5 PagesI don’t know how I got to where I am, but I’m here now, and I have to win if I want to live. I am in a game, and in order to live, I have to escape. That’s the thing, though: I don’t know how to escape. I was running for my life around this old house that looked like it came straight out of a horror movie. I doubled over and held my head in pain as I saw the static, which meant it was coming. 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What is Drug Free Essays

A drug is any animal, vegetable, or mineral substance used in the composition of medicines. It also refers to any stuff used in dyeing or in chemical operations. It is a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Drug? or any similar topic only for you Order Now A drug is capable of altering natural biological processes, with their manipulating nature used in medicine as a corrective measure against deviances from these normal biological processes. As described in the Webster Dictionary (1992), a drug, is a substance, other than food intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals. It is any narcotic; also any substance or chemical agent, exclusive of food, employed for other than medical reasons to obtain a given physiological effect or to satisfy a craving. The drug affects the mind or body. The effect depends on the type of drug, the amount taken, when and how it is used, and the person who takes it (Webster, 1992). Drugs may be classified as uppers, downers, narcotics, mind-affecting (hallucinogens), or volatile chemicals. Uppers are stimulants that affect the nervous system to excite the user. Downers are depressants that affect the central nervous system to relax the user. Narcotics affect the nervous system, and change many of the normal activities of the body, and often produce an intense state of excitement or distortion of the user’s senses. Volatile chemicals are depressants acting upon the central nervous system. It is important for the first aider to be able to detect possible drug abuse at the overdose level and to relate certain signs to certain types of drugs (Webster, 1992 p. FA-28). There are four levels of drug use. Abstinence means not taking any drugs or any particular drug. Experimentation means trying a drug for the first time. It could be a doctor prescribing medicine, or a young person sniffing glue. If a user likes the effects of a drug, he or she may move to casual, recreational or regular use. Casual use is taking a drug only when a person feels like it or when a it is offered. Recreational use is a drug use for enjoyment in social situations. Regular use means taking drugs almost everyday. Habitual or problem drug becomes dependent (needs to have some of the drug everyday). The user may have very little control over his or her problem drug use. The effects of this dependence can be serious, and sometimes fatal. With certain drugs, the user can develop a tolerance, or get used to the drug. He or she has to take very large amounts to feel the same effects. These drugs include alcohol, opiates, LSD, caffeine, amphetamines and tranquilisers. Psychological dependence can develop with any type of drug. The user believes that he or she will not be able to lead a normal life without taking the drug and becomes very upset if it is not available. Physical dependence, when the body cannot work without a regular supply of the drug may happen with long term use. This is common with depressants and analgesics. Depressants slow the nervous system and relax the body. Alcohol is the most common, but other legal depressants are abused for these effects. These include barbiturates (sleeping pills), tranquilisers and solvents (glue and gases). Analgesics reduce the user’s reaction to pain, discomfort and anxiety. Opium, heroin and codeine are obtained from opium poppies. Methadone and pethidine are synthetic (chemical rather than natural) analgesics. Many analgesics have medical uses. Withdrawal symptoms, which make the user feel unwell, can happen when a regular user stops taking a drug. When a person has an overdose, he or she takes more of the drug than the body can cope with, becomes very ill and may even die (Brown and King 1990). Mechanisms of Drug Action To describe the mechanism of drug action in the brain, whenever a person uses a drug and the effect it produces is somehow pleasant, this effect gets a rewarding quality for that person. As experimental research by behavioural psychologists has demonstrated, all behaviours that are reinforced by a reward have a tendency to be repeated and learned. Successive repetitions, besides fixing the reward-producing behaviours, also fix all previously indifferent stimuli, sensations, and situations, eventually associated with those behaviours. Seeing particular places or persons, hearing specific music, etc, for instance, triggers in drug users the craving for their preferred drug. Using Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Dr. Edythe D. London and her colleagues at the Addiction Research Centre, in Baltimore, obtained images showing that in cocaine-users, cues associated with the use of the drug sparked an increase in the metabolism of glucose in brain areas that are associated with memory and learning (lateral pre-frontal cortex, amygdala, and cerebellum). Up to now, is far from complete our knowledge about the cerebral, chemical and structural changes that underlie reward and act as reinforcers for different behaviours, including that of drug use. Nevertheless, recent researches point to a chain of reactions, involving several neurotransmitters, leading to the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine in a brain region. Compare and contrast the Physical Dependence and Positive Incentive theories of drug addiction. Drug addiction has two components: physical dependency, and psychological dependency. Physical dependency occurs when a drug has been used habitually and the body has become accustomed to its effects. The person must then continue to use the drug in order to feel normal, or its absence will trigger the symptoms of withdrawal. Psychological dependency occurs when a drug has been used habitually and the mind has become emotionally reliant of its effects, either to elicit pleasure or relieve pain, and does not feel capable of functioning without it. Its absence produces intense cravings, which are often brought on or magnified by stress. A dependent person may have either aspects of dependency, but often has both. â€Å"Chipping† is also a term used to describe a pattern of drug use in which the user is not physically dependent and sustains ‘controlled use’ of a drug. This is done by avoiding influences that reinforce dependence, such that the drug is used for relaxation and not for escape. Physical Dependency Model After repeated exposure to certain drugs, withdrawal symptoms appear if the drug is discontinued. Withdrawal symptoms are compensatory reactions that oppose the primary effects of the drug. Therefore they are the opposite of the effects of the drug. Withdrawal effects are unpleasant and reduction in these effects would therefore constitute negative reinforcement. [Negative reinforcement is the reinforcement of behaviour that terminates an aversive stimulus] Negative reinforcement could explain why addicts continue to take the drug. However some addicts will endure withdrawal symptoms (go ‘cold-turkey’) in order to reduce their tolerance so that they can recommence drug intake at a lower dose which costs less to purchase. Concentrating on the role of physical withdrawal effects at the expense of other psychological factors led to the failure to recognize the addictive properties of cocaine. Cocaine does not produce physical dependency (tolerance and withdrawal symptoms) but it is more addictive than heroin. This diagram (redrawn from Julien, 1995), shows the changing pattern in the major drug used by patients admitted to drug treatment programs in New York City during the 1980s. It is also important to emphasize that reduction in withdrawal symptoms does not explain why people take drugs in the first place. Negative reinforcement may account for initial drug taking in some situations. For example, someone who is suffering from unpleasant emotions may experience a reduction in these feelings (i. e. negative reinforcement) following drug administration. However the most likely reason for drug taking involves positive reinforcement. Positive Reinforcement Model The reinforcing properties of a drug are thought to be reason why most people become addicted to drugs. Addictive drugs are positive reinforcers (Carlson, 2001). As you know positive reinforcement can lead to learning a new response, and the maintenance of existing behaviours. It follows that the behaviours associated with taking an addictive drug (i. e. injecting or smoking it) will increase in probability. One way of testing this claim is to examine the reinforcing properties of drugs in animals. We already know that conventional reinforcers support bar-pressing in animals, therefore if a drug maintains a response such as bar-pressing in an animal, it is a reinforcing stimulus. At one time it was believed that animals could not be made addicted to drugs, but that view is now rejected because technical developments have shown that animals will learn new behaviours that cause injection of drugs into their body. Explain how the study of reward circuits has provided a potential explanation of drug addiction. The study of reward circuits has provided a potential explanation of drug addiction. The reinforcing effects of drugs during intoxication create an environment that, if perpetuated, triggers the neuronal adaptations that result in addiction. Imaging studies in drug abusers as well as non–drug abusers have shown that drugs of abuse increase the extra-cellular concentration of drug addiction in the striatum and that these increases were associated with their reinforcing effects. The subjects who had the greatest increases in drug addiction were the ones who experienced drug effects such as â€Å"high,† â€Å"rush,† or â€Å"euphoria† most intensely. These studies also showed that the reinforcing effects appeared to be associated not only with the magnitude but also with the abruptness of the drug addiction increase. Thus, for an equivalent increase in drug addiction, the drug was experienced as reinforcing when it was injected intravenously, which leads to fast drug uptake in the brain and presumably very fast changes in drug addiction concentration, but not when it was given orally, which leads to a slow rate of brain uptake and presumably slow increases in drug addiction concentration. The dependency of the reinforcing effects of drugs on fast and large increases in drug addiction concentration is reminiscent of the changes in drug addiction concentration induced by phasic drug addiction cell firing (fast-burst firing 30 Hz), which also leads to fast changes in drug addiction concentration and whose function is to highlight the saliency of stimuli. This contrasts with tonic drug addiction cell firing (slow firing at frequencies around 5 Hz), which maintains base-line steady-state drug addiction levels and whose function is to set the overall responsiveness of the drug addiction system. This led us to speculate that the ability of drugs of abuse to induce changes in drug addiction concentration that mimic but exceed those produced by phasic drug addiction cell firing results in over-activation of the neuronal processes that highlight saliency, and that this is one of the relevant variables underlying their high reinforcing value. However, studies show that increases in drug addiction concentration during intoxication occur in both addicted and non-addicted subjects, so this by itself cannot explain the process of addiction. Since drug addiction requires chronic drug administration, we suggest that addiction results from the repeated perturbation of reward circuits (marked drug addiction increases followed by drug addiction decreases) and the consequent disruption of the circuits that it regulates (motivation/drive, memory/learning, and control). Indeed, imaging studies in drug-addicted subjects have consistently shown long-lasting decreases in the numbers of drug addiction D2 receptors in drug abusers compared with controls. In addition, studies have shown that cocaine abusers also have decreased drug addiction cell activity, as evidenced by reduced drug addiction release in response to a pharmacological challenge with a stimulant drug. We postulate that the decrease in the number of drug addiction D2 receptors, coupled with the decrease in drug addiction cell activity, in the drug abusers would result in a decreased sensitivity of reward circuits to stimulation by natural reinforcers. This decreased sensitivity would lead to decreased interest in ordinary (day-to-day) environmental stimuli, possibly predisposing subjects for seeking drug stimulation as a means to temporarily activate these reward circuits. Imaging studies provide evidence of disrupted sensitivity to natural reinforcers in addiction. For example, in a study by Martin-Solch and colleagues, the meso-striatal and meso-corticolimbic circuits of opiate addicts were not activated in response to natural reinforcers, whereas they were in controls subjects. Similarly, in a second study by the same group, DA-regulated reward centres in tobacco smokers failed to activate in response to monetary reward. Interestingly, decreased sensitivity of reward circuits to acute alcohol administration has also been documented in cocaine abusers compared with control subjects. These findings suggest an overall reduction in the sensitivity of reward circuits in drug-addicted individuals to natural reinforcers, but also possibly to drugs besides the one to which they are addicted (extracted from the Journal of Clinical Investment May 15, 2003). How to cite What is Drug?, Papers

Robert Bresson Free-Sample for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Brief Bescription of the Film. Answer: Name Professor Title Date Robert Bresson A Man Escaped is a French film directed by Robert Bresson in 1956 and based on the memoirs of a certain member of the French resistance named Andre Devigny. Devigny is held in a prison in Montluc that has a German occupation. Robert Bresson also brings aspects of the World War 2 through the explosive actions of the protagonist Fontaine which lays emphasis on what Bresson himself went through during this war. As a member of the French Resistance, he was imprisoned by the Germans at the height of the war. Upon the opening credits, the movie begins with a commemoration of soldiers whose life was ended by the inhuman acts of the Nazis. Just as this goes on, a sharp shift in the flow of events shows Fontaine in jail who is trying to seize an opportunity to escape from the bondage of German captors. However, his plot is short lived because the car that carries him is stopped whereby he is apprehended, beaten and taken to the jail in handcuffs (Deacy 6). From the jail, he makes a successful attempt to escape by chipping the woody floor. However, his earlier accomplice Orsini is captured and immediately necessitating transfer of prison rooms for Fontaine where he meets Jost whom he later on plans with to eventually breakaway from the prison undetected. The artistic brilliance of Robert Bresson means that his films have continued to transcend the limitations of time. Born Between 1901-1907, in a small town of Bromont Lamothe in Central France, Bresson entered the film industry as a script assistant. Two years after joining the French army he was jailed by the Germans which later on acted as the turn around on his illustrious career in the film industry (Cardullo 17). This explains why most of his blockbuster films take a prison setting. A Man Escaped (1956), The Trial of Joan of Arc (1962). However, sandwiched between these two is Pickpocket (1959) which tries to use prison as a redemption place for people afflicted with the terror of being a prisoner of war. His character creation follows an out and out rogue who will do anything unaccountably good to seek the just path. I find Robert Breeson as one of the most revered figures in the film industry thanks to his commercial success coupled with aesthetic worth express in his movies. He conquered the movie directing industry all the way in 1950s through 1960s because of the exceptional perspective that he took in the movies he was involved in. Steven Spielberg and George Lucas are some of the directors who can be spoken in the same breath with Bressons artistic prowess (Cuneen 16). His work in the A Man Escaped in 1956 provides insight into the real stories that engulfed the World War particularly the animosity that existed between the French and the Germans then. The severity of his style coupled with the bleakness of his narratives establish him as one of the greatest directors of all time. None of the movies transcend the limitations of time as much as those directed by Robert Bresson as far as A Man Escaped is concerned (Pipolo 9). The memories particularly the agony that is expressed in this film is one that lives up to this date. I think that most of the modern day directors are struggling to fill the void left by Robert Bresson and so it is only through a complete immersion into his works that they can realize some level of success. Reference Cardullo, Bert. Bresson and Others: Spiritual Style in the Cinema. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009. Cunneen, Joseph E. Robert Bresson: A Spiritual Style in Film. New York: Continuum, 2003. Deacy, Christopher. Screen Christologies: Redemption and the Medium of Film. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2001 Pipolo, Tony. Robert Bresson: A Passion for Film. Oxford University Press, 2009

Catch 22 free essay sample

Yossarian asks Orr if there is a possibility he can stay on the ground. People who are considered crazy are those who become grounded. Here, Orr could only become grounded if he sent a request to fulfill that duty. Turns out Orr did not make the request because he is crazy. All at the same time, remaining in these air-based combat missions. If he were asked to remain on the land, he would actually be normal — not insane. Because of the code that exists in the 256th Bombardment Squadron is really a â€Å"catch-22†, it represents that there is no way out of war because they must listen to their authority figures to tell them what to do. This behavioral theme in Catch-22 covers most of what a â€Å"catch-22† can be interpreted as. Another example of distortion used in Catch-22 can be seen throughout the instances among Yossarian and Luciana. Luciana is a women that Yossarian has multiple sexual affairs with. We will write a custom essay sample on Catch 22 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Chapter 16, Luciana gave Yossarian her address and almost as soon as she had left, he tore the piece of paper into little pieces. Her address was forever lost. He feels a deep compassion for Luciana that he has never felt with any other women. He asks her to marry him and she rejects because she is unspoiled, or not a virgin. Yossarian gets to the point where he needs Luciana by his side. And his lust for affairs turns into a need for a relationship. In that moment he tore that piece of paper that contained her address, Yossarian had lost Luciana. In this world full of war and controversy, relationships of commitment, some of the most normal qualities of human beings, are not possible. The whole entire purpose of a â€Å"catch-22† is to create this paradoxical situation that no body can escape. It is altered by many different ways and perceptions, seen through distortion. The distortion used in Catch-22 is what brings this violent yet humorous book into ironic situations of hypocrisy. Whether distortion is created through justice, a personal problem or represented through greed, the original idiomatic of a â€Å"catch-22† will always reflect the distortion used through Heller’s work. Works Cited: Heller, Joseph. Catch-22. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1961. Definition of Distortion.

Indian Womens Field Matrons in Indian Schools - An Introduction

Indian Women's Field Matrons in Indian Schools - An IntroductionPerhaps, you have asked about American Indian women's field matrons in Indian schools during the past century. If you are planning to enroll yourself in an Indian school, especially if you do not like it in English, perhaps you need to know more about this subject. In this article, you will discover some information on how the American Indian field matrons in Indian schools have developed and evolved through the years. Whether you are planning to enroll yourself into an Indian school or whether you want to take part in a reservation for a good job, knowing about this subject will be beneficial.The American Indian field matrons in Indian schools have gained much popularity over the past century. They are very well-known because of their good performances in the Indian schools. However, they have evolved throughout the century due to the development in their profession. For instance, the long skirts were a fashion that man y schoolgirls used to wear during the early years of their schooling.Due to the advancements in technology, they are now seen as very qualified female engineers who are capable of helping students succeed. As an engineer, they have become extremely popular for their services to the industry.There are also several conferences where American Indian field matrons in Indian schools are present to give education to others about this topic. These seminars usually took place in the late 1970s. There are also magazines with articles and reviews about them. Even Hollywood has brought in one movie about an American Indian school girl.If you wish to enroll yourself in an Indian school, whether you are Indian American or native Indian, you can start by asking a good American Indian woman about her experiences. She would surely be glad to share her insights with you. You can find one by looking in your local library or even ask her to share her insights on the Internet.There are many Indian, Ame rican women who know all about this subject from their own experiences. So if you want to understand the subject better, ask your teacher if he or she has seen these women and would share with you his experiences with them.After knowing the subject, you can decide whether you want to enroll yourself in an Indian school or if you need some more education. You can ask your teacher if you are missing some specific things about them and if you are willing to learn more about it.

How Leaders Create and Use Networks

This article mainly focuses on how leaders create and use networks in their work place for their success in discharging their duties, a skill that non leaders do not posses. This article was written by Herminia Ibara and Mark hunter.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on How Leaders Create and Use Networks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ibara is a professor of leadership and learning at the University of Insead, Fontainebleau, France and the director of the faculty of leadership initiative, an executive program for managers moving into broader leadership at Insead. She has also written numerous books. Hunter is an investigative journalist and a professor of communications at Insead and has written different books (Ibara and Hunter 108). The authors while examining the networks which are the personal connections that will provide support, information and resources, found that they are the most challenging for manage rs who are transitioning into new leadership roles. When managers move up the ranks, they will be addressing issues that will impact the whole organization and not only their areas of specialization, these new roles require relational tactics, which involves exchange and interaction with the current and potential stakeholders. All these contacts are particularly critical to the new roles of the leader. The authors identified three different types of networks which are interdependent on each other. They are operational networks, personal networks and strategic networks. Personal networks will help to improve personal development of the manager. These based on the relationships forged with the immediate superiors, juniors, the peers and outsiders like suppliers and customers who have the potential of supporting or blocking the project. Personal networks are for the purposes of coordinating and cooperation between individuals who know one another when they are accomplishing any task. T his form of networking comes almost naturally to most managers (Ibara and Hunter 107). Operational networks will assist the managers on present internal responsibilities so that they can perform their duties well. These are relationships built outside the inner circles and are established through professional associations, clubs and other interest groups that will serve to advance careers while giving new insights and perspectives. Operational networks serve as an important tool for personal development and can be a convenient point to establish the next network of relationship.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Operational networks are made of flexible connections between people who share or have something in common and are vital for referrals and getting daily tasks done. Strategic networks will help the individual in seeing the new directions of the business, and the stak eholders because this is the inflection point where the manager moves from the functional responsibilities into being a business leader. The concerns at this juncture are the broad business strategic issues. The relationships established here will be the foundation of information that will enable the leader to achieve both personal and organizational goals. Strategic networks are the most underutilized among the three networking types, yet it is the most important for the success of a manager moving to undertake new responsibilities (Ibara and Hunter 109). The authors have been studying networking strategies and social networks used by managers for over 20 years and their findings are, the useful and meaningful networks do not happen instantly, but needs time, and all three have to be used to ensure success and not just one or two. They studied 30 managers for a period of two years who were transitioning into positions of leadership in the organization, and their findings were that those who employed all the three types of networking were successful while those who did not end up failing (Ibara and Hunter 106). These findings support the principles of reciprocity that are common in leadership management to influence followers of a leader. People find they are obligated to support anybody they are closely associated or share something in common. These networks are based on interpersonal trust because when a person trust another, they are likely to offer support and, therefore, ensuring the success in the transition process. The findings also support the principle of six degrees of separation which simply says there are at least six people connections between one person and another in the world (Ibara and Hunter 108). On the other hand, over reliance on networks could lead to other problems because not everybody is reliable to give the required and appropriate support and may give some misleading information. Besides, operational networks would address the assig ned objectives and not the overall strategic objectives of the organization. Personal networks are easy to establish and almost comes naturally, but the strategic networks are difficult to establish especially if it involves the superiors in the organization. There is no step by step formula to be followed in order to establish these networks, but they are intuitive based on general guidelines and would largely depend on individuals and situations. This means that they can be extremely hard for some individuals while it may be easy for others (Ibara and Hunter 106).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on How Leaders Create and Use Networks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Finally, this article contains valuable information particularly to any aspiring manager who wants to climb the career ladder by leverage the concept of networks in pursuit of their careers while making solid contributions in their organization. Thi s is because the findings were observable facts on managers working in different organizations and are supported by sound principles of management (Ibara and Hunter 112). Works Cited Ibara, Herminia and Hunter, Mark. How Leaders Create and Use Networks. Jan. 2007.  Harvard Business Review. Web. https://hbr.org/ This article on How Leaders Create and Use Networks was written and submitted by user Evie Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10 Helium Facts - Atomic Number 2 on the Periodic Table

10 Helium Facts - Atomic Number 2 on the Periodic Table Helium is the second element on the periodic table, with atomic number 2 and element symbol He. Its the lightest noble gas. Here are ten quick facts about the element helium. Check the full listing for helium if you would like additional element facts. The atomic number of helium is 2, meaning each atom of helium has two protons.  The most abundant isotope of the element has 2 neutrons. It is energetically favorable for each helium atom to have 2 electrons, which gives it a stable electron shell.Helium has the lowest melting point and boiling point of the elements, so it only exists as a gas, except under extreme conditions.  At normal pressure, helium is a liquid at absolute zero.  It must be pressurized to become a solid.Helium is the second-lightest element.  The lightest element or one with the lowest density is hydrogen. Even though hydrogen typically exists as a diatomic gas, consisting of two atoms bonded together, a single atom of helium has a higher density value. This is because the most common isotope of hydrogen has one proton and no neutrons, while each helium atom typically has two  neutrons as well as two protons.Helium is the second-most abundant element in the universe  (after hydrogen), though it is mu ch less common on Earth.  On Earth, the element is considered a nonrenewable resource.  Helium does not form compounds with other elements, while the free atom is light enough to escape Earths gravity and bleed out through the atmosphere. Some scientists are concerned we might one day run out of helium or at least make it prohibitively expensive to isolate. Helium is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and inert.  Of all the elements, helium is the least reactive, so it does not form compounds under ordinary conditions. In order to bond it to another element, it would need to be ionized or pressurized. Under high pressure, disodium helide (HeNa2), the clathrate-like titanate La2/3-xLi3xTiO3He, the silicate crystobalite He II (SiO2He), dihelium arsenolite (AsO6 ·2He), and NeHe2 may exist.Most helium is obtained by extracting it from natural gas.  Its uses include helium party balloons,  as a protective inert atmosphere for chemistry storage and reactions, and for cooling superconducting magnets for NMR spectrometers and MRI machines.Helium is the second-least reactive noble gas (after neon).  It is considered the real gas that most closely approximates the behavior of an ideal gas.Helium is monatomic under standard conditions. In other words, helium is found as single atoms of the element.Inhaling helium temporarily chan ges the sound of a persons voice. Although many people think inhaling helium makes a voice sound higher, it doesnt actually alter the pitch. Though helium is non-toxic, breathing it can result in asphyxiation due to oxygen deprivation. Evidence of heliums existence came from the  observation of a yellow spectral line from the sun. The name for the element comes from the Greek god of the Sun, Helios.

International perspectives Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

International perspectives - Dissertation Example Some of the important models of inclusion education are described below (Anon., n.d.). Models of Inclusion Some of the important models of inclusion education are described below. The Teaming Model for Inclusion Education emphasises team work and has in place a special education teacher for every grade level team of teachers. This specialist teacher provides information, instruction strategies, revision ideas for tests and assignments, and strategies to promote acceptable behaviour in the class (Anon., n.d.). In the Co – Teaching Model for Inclusion Education, the special and general education teachers work together and teach the students by turns. This enables the learning experience to become important and tangible. This model prepares teachers, by means of student assessment, discipline, and instruction planning and delivery (Anon., n.d.). There are several obstacles to Inclusive Education; such as, negative attitudes, invisibility in the community and in school, cost, phys ical access to classrooms and facilities in the school, size of classes, impoverishment, discrimination on the basis of gender, and emergency and refugee situations (Anon., 2002). In the Adaptive Learning Environment Model (ALEM), special education students are integrated into the classroom. This model was propounded by Wang and is quite complicated. The objective of this model is to produce school learning environments that permit every student to acquire fundamental academic competency and enhance their confidence to address the intellectual and social requirements of school (Lazarus, 2010). In addition, this model is a blend of the following features. First, an exploratory learning component that includes an array of learning activities that are expected to enhance the capacity of the school to address the learning needs at the individual level. Second, a prescriptive learning component of hierarchically organised, highly structured learning activities (Leiding, 2009). Moreover, the ALEM model is characterised by instruction that is planned for the individual students. The pace of learning is adapted to the needs and capacities of the students. Classrooms in this model permit free movement and simultaneous activities. The learning content is sub – divided into small portions, in order to accommodate students with special needs. The students of this model have to plan and supervise their individual learning. In addition, they are made accountable for managing and completing their learning tasks in a timely manner (Lazarus, 2010). In general, inclusive education consists of isolating and discarding actual and latent sources of exclusion. This includes attaching importance to the opinion of stakeholders in the school community. It includes a philosophy of acceptance that respects and values all. The process of inclusion does not admit of culmination and it can be developed to gradually increasing degrees. Inclusion is the outcome of longstanding educati onal innovation and denotes improvement of schools at several levels for students (Gillies & Carrington, 2004). Inclusive education has to be viewed within the context of the policy relating to education. Undoubtedly, the UK Government adopts a qualified approach to inclusion, and this was disclosed by the Green Paper on Excellence for all Children (Department for Education and Employment, 1997).