DJ Scratch Info :: essays research papers

Turntablism - The art of manipulating/restructuring previously existing phonograph recordings to produce new, musically creative combinations of sounds using turntables and a mixer. Hamster Style - Normally a DJ setup would be configured with the right turntable playing on the right channel of the mixer and the left turntable playing on the left channel of the mixer. With a hamster style setup, however, the opposite is true. The right turntable plays through the left channel, and the left turntable plays through the right channel. Many DJs find it more comfortable to scratch hamster style since to do many moves it is easier to bounce the fader off of the side of the fader slot using your multiple fingers rather than your thumb. Personally I think that hamster style seems more conducive to flaring and doing continuous crabs. DJ members of the Bullet Proof Scratch Hamsters/Space Travellers crew are most commonly recognized as the first DJs to practice/demonstrate this style thus giving it the nickname "hamster" style. There are two ways to achieve this mixer configuration. One is to physically hook your turntables up to the opposite channels where they c ome into the back of your mixer, and the other is with a hamster switch. Normally a hamster switch only reverses your crossfader's configuration, while physically reversing your turntable cables reverses the crossfader and volume faders' configuration. Hamster Switch - A switch on a mixer that reverses the crossfader without reversing the volume faders so that you can scratch hamster style without physically hooking up the turntables to different channels on the back of the mixer. Baby Scratch - The simplest of scratches, the baby scratch is performed without the use of the crossfader by simple moving the record back and forth. A simple example would be one forward stroke, and one backward stroke (or vice versa) in sequence. Forward and Backward Scratches - Forward and backward scratches are also fairly simple scratches but unlike the baby scratch they are performed using the fader to cut the sound in and out. As an example, to perform 2 forward scratches you would just do two baby scratches with your record hand using your fader hand to cut the sound in when you move the record forward both times and out while you're pulling the record back both times so that all you hear are the 2 forward strokes.

Hello Walmart

Hello, Wal-Mart? Ashford University BUS644 Operation Management Dr. Ronald Beach November 26, 2011 Hello, Wal-Mart? It is very common for everyone that lives in a small town to get all their groceries at Wal-Mart. During the last 50 years of creation, from a small town on Arkansas, Wal-Mart became the biggest retail company of the world. At this time, this company is one of the major employers of the world and has more than 4,000 stores just in America. It is very difficult for a small business to compete with this company.Now before going forward, it is very important to understand how Wal-Mart operates. The main strategy of their operation is getting the cheaper supplies and sells their products a very low price to the customers. Another of their strategies is to centralize all kinds of products in one store. The key element for this business is to analyze the market considerations when they open a new location. There are tools to help companies to find out the best location. For e xample, according to Stevenson (2011, P. 48), â€Å"Geographic Information Systems is a computer based tool for collecting, storing, retrieving, and displaying demographic data on maps†. Now that we know this, let’s analyze the following disadvantages of opening a new Wal-Mart in a small town. Disadvantages for owners of small business located nearby are several. Let’s start by mentioning that small towns are surrounded by and full of small business that support the local economy and employ the local population.With the presence of Wal-Mart, small businesses that offer similar products will be obligated to reduce their price to the minimum in order to compete with the big retail company. According to Dartmouth College, in 2009, they conducted a study that indicates the â€Å"the impact a Wal-Mart store has on a local business is correlated to its distance from that store. The leader of that study admits that this factor is stronger in smaller towns†. Wal- Mart is using what people call predatory pricing. Wal-Mart buys products from cheaper suppliers; this issue hurts the local suppliers and local economy.Small businesses will be obligated to reduce their price to the minimum if they want to compete. All the money that small businesses will generate goes to local banks and stays in the community; in the case of Wal-Mart, this money goes to the main banks in other towns or cities, and the bottom line is this money does not stay in the area. According to the Institute of Local Self Reliance as Wal-Mart expanded small business retails dropped more than 39% and many small businesses are now closed.Let’s imagine this town a few years later with all these small business closed and for any reason Wal-Mart has to leave the town. The consequences will be catastrophic. Another point to take in consideration is the possibility that Wal-Mart is doing a monopoly of the sales in the small towns. With their aggressive campaign of reducing pri ces to the lowest minimum, and disappearing small businesses, they are obligating the consumers to only go to Wal-Mart for their needs. The disadvantages from the town residents and the residents of nearby towns are also several.Let’s start to mention the impact of a new Wal-Mart store in the life of these residents. Earlier it was mentioned how small business were, in many times, obligated to close. These issues have a direct impact in the life of the residents, since these small businesses contract local people. People are forced to, in many cases, to leave the town because they cannot afford the costs of living. Wal-Mart only can hire a smaller group of people than many small businesses together.After all, the only place to work will be at Wal-Mart and without a competitor they will mandate the wage pay and the benefits of their employees. When small businesses are closed they destroy the moral and the way of life of the community. When these businesses close, residents wi ll lose their livelihood. Many of these new Wal-Mart stores get the land at very cheap price; they bring with them traffic, delinquency, and a big reduction of price in the land of the residents surrounding these stores; all this translate as a big reduction of taxes that these small tows will receive.According to the Institute of Local Self Reliance â€Å"many studies have found that when locally owned business are displaced by Wal-Mart, the participation and voter turnout falls, the number of active nonprofit organizations drop and residents are less likely to know and interact with their neighbors†. Now after hearing all the arguments of these two groups, it is time for Wal-Mart representative to respond to all these allegations and propose some of the advantages to open a new store in a small town.The first thing to analyze is that where ever a Walmart is, residents of that town and nearby towns are finding a big reduction in the cost of their products. Another of the goo d things that Wal-Mart will bring to the town is a good market ideas and competition. Owners that bring good ideas can benefit of the presence of a big store like Wal-Mart. There is a main factor here, with an economy like the present, a store like Wal-Mart will bring to the town lower prices for the customers, a reduction of transportation, and an increase of jobs for the community.When we talk about transportation, it means to drive less to find all the products in the same place. When we talk about jobs, it means new jobs for the residents close to the store. One of the more important arguments to favor Wal-Mart is the support of the community through programs by their customers. References Stevenson, W. J. (2011). Operation management (11th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Retrieved from http://www. ilsr. org Retrieved from http://articles. chicagotribune. com/2010-07-04/business/ct-biz-0704-soda-wars-20100703_1_chicago-wal-mart-costco-and-wal-mart-pricing

Environmental Education Essay

David W. Orr delves deeper into Rethinking Education. as he relates to the importance and reason of education and this affirms the six principles that serve as guides to rethinking of education. One of these is the contention that the goal of education is not mastery of subject matter but the mastery of one’s self. Having the power of knowledge means that it must be well-used. Included here also is the contention that one cannot claim that he/she knows something unless he understands the effects of this kind of knowledge on actual people as well as actual communities. Learning is also a process and not just an end product of something (Orr, D. (May/June, 1999) People who are geographically informed must understand how humans should live in different kinds of physical environments. They are not confined to the familiar mid-latitudes but also those that seem less conducive to settlement such as the Arctic and the Equatorial rain forest. It is important that they are equipped with the necessary knowledge of how the physical features of these environments play in shaping human activities. The physical environment differs in their carrying capacity. People sometimes fail to understand this which leads to environmental disaster. For example, cyclical environmental change, especially in semiarid environments, can give particular problems for humans which again can lead to desertification, famine, and mass migration, just as what happened in the Sahel of north-central Africa. Man has to comprehend that the relationship between any environment and its inhabitants is mediated by decisions about how much to consume and in what ways to consume. Water needs to be conserved properly and proper recycling can have critical effects on patterns of environmental use. Good teacher must learn how to motivate, inspire, be led and lead, while making the environment safe for risks and mistakes. They must also demonstrate the ability to lead by example, ethically, morally and purposefully. Good educators regularly communicate the vision and empower the culture within the organization. They continue to build trust and lead the challenges of a constantly changing workplace and society. They understand that it is necessary to incorporate balance not only in the lives of others, but their own as well. This encourages their students to think about life and work differently. The success of a well-managed organization is dependent on one’s ability to organize, direct and motivate the efforts of the individuals. An effective coach needs to know the interplay of all theories of management into action in order to be successful as a whole. Students and young people need to be introduced into various cultures around the world in the framework of a â€Å"melting pot perspective† and cultural relativism (Cushner, McClelland, & Safford, p. 68-70). This would require a new set up or a reorganization of schooling to further illuminate young people on how to assimilate world consciousness as they engage in it through the Internet. Young people must be taught how to accept values and cultures by either assimilating them or by just respecting them as they are. There should be more cultural understanding between people around the world and it is best being taught as school subjects. If more and more people are properly oriented with the language, religion, belief system and other cultural elements of other nations, I guess we would feel more connected with one another and we will be more culturally sensitive and accepting of other fellows. This cultural orientation should also be strengthened by historical and social courses about these other nations. We already have these subjects now but these lack focus and emphasis on its global connections or the links between histories of various nations, their cultures and the global events that unfold and what we ordinarily share in a multicultural technological setting. Educational policy must be able to answer the needs of people. For instance, people need to overcome some of the life chances which had been experienced by parents. Teachers need to be aware4 of children who needs special nurturing because they show special talent in areas where the school progressed (Aitkin, 2005). However, the usual problem is that people seldom find it easy to start from scratch. Society is able to address the performance of these young people No matter what the space provided, the surface of the earth demonstrates the physical diversity in terms of soil, climates, vegetation, and topography. These factors affect the range of environmental contexts for people. People who are geographically informed must understand how humans should live in different kinds of physical environments. They are not confined to the familiar mid-latitudes but also those that seem less conducive to settlement such as the Arctic and the Equatorial rain forest. It is important that they are equipped with the necessary knowledge of how the physical features of these environments play in shaping human activities. I can now understand the dilemma of some administrators of nursing homes. They are burdened with so many responsibilities to take care and ensure that people who avail of their services are attended to and such services are sustained long-term. These efforts are also coupled with corresponding financial burden to sustain the expenses that go with the various challenges that confront them. Retiree assistance, funds from the federal government and its subsidiaries may very well support the medical needs of the low-income and medically-needy people, yet the administrators realize that by meeting the demands of their tasks requires more than any management skills, analytical minds or well-rounded experience to go with such tasks. For what the challenges require most of them is that sincere heart to really care for and be concerned with so many people who are frail, chronically ill, and those who are less fortunate who may not have the resources to sustain their respective illnesses as they become old with no one to depend on during their last few years of their lives. REFERENCES Aitkin, Don. Rethinking education continued. Article Retrieved Jan 22, 2009 at: http://newmatilda. com/2005/04/20/rethinking-education-continued Cushner, K., McClelland, A. , and Safford, P. Human Diversity in Education : an integrative approach, 3rd ed. 2000. Experiencing the Difference: The Role of Experiential Learning in Youth Development. Conference Report: The Brathay Youth Conference Orr, D. (May/June, 1999) Rethinking Education. The Ecologist, 29, 3. White, M. (July, 1999). (ed). Experiencing the Difference: The Role of Experiential Learning in Youth Development. Conference Report: The Brathay Youth Conference (Ambleside, England, July 5-6, 1999).

Ethical Issues in Organizational Behavior

Ethical Issues in Organizational Behavior This paper highlights ethical issues of concern in organizational behavior, stressing their importance in organizations and how individual influences can impact on the ethical behavior of their employees.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ethical Issues in Organizational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper in addition gives a detailed contemporary example of an ethical issue that was reported on Wall Street Journal. In line with its context, this paper addresses major ethical issues that affect organizational behavior through the following three questions: Why ethical issues are major distress in different organizations How individual influences impact on organizations ethical behavior How organizations can influence the ethical behaviors in their employees Ethical issues can split or strongly bind an organization’s employees depending on the consequences or rewards of how the ethical issues are addressed. The unity of employees in any organization or the reverse of it majorly impacts the organizations productivity. According to Kinicki and Kreitner (2009), ethics deals with the learning of moral concerns and choices. It deals with right versus wrong and good versus bad. (p.23). The ethical issues therefore present a complex and daunting tasks to the managers and junior employees alike, for instance a decision involving an ethical issue can influence how the manager will be viewed in the organization. It will either align the employees to a given ethical culture of the organization or present a major decisional dilemma to the management for subsequent misconducts. The ethical issues affecting organizations sprouts outside the organizational set ups and as such all the organizational employee’s conducts, both within and outside the organization can largely influence the performance of an organization and its public image as well.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Kinicki and Kreitner (2009), managers are more challenged to do right things compared to their juniors. Kinicki and Kreitner (2009), further stress that the ethical decisions organizations may take have far reaching multidimensional consequences (p.23). In Kinicki and Kreitner (2009) all individuals have a set of characteristics originating from â€Å"personality, values, moral principles, history of reinforcement, and gender.† (p.25). Individual’s innate nature and private history dictates their ethical framework, implying that it is never ‘a blank slate’ as it was originally (Kinicki Kreitner, 2009). The ethical framework of an individual should however not be fixed. The individuals should have rooms to be influenced either positively or negatively. Since individuals have the tendency to be influenced either positively or negatively, this poses hopeful and worrying emotions when it comes to organizations hiring. This is the main reason why personality and other related tests resembling Meyers-Briggs are vastly cherished in hiring decisions in most organizations. The employing organization can therefore get a clue of where the prospective employee falls on the ethical spectrum before the hiring decision is reached. According to Kinicki and Kreitner (2009), the individuals are faced with both internal and external influences in their organizations, the internal influences the organization poses to individuals includes: organizational structure, culture, size, corporate strategy and apparent pressure for the individuals to give results.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ethical Issues in Organizational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Both influences are great and occasionally override the strategies and co des found in the organization (p.25). Taking a practical case of James Murdoch that has recently been in the public domain, his ethical conducts in the alleged cover up at News Corp. a British Newspaper (Sonne, 2012, p.1). Mr. Murdoch faces grilling over alleged illicit reporting tactics. News Corp is believed to have illegally tapped the voice mails of politicians, celebrities and crime victims (Sonne, 2012, p.1). The grilling floats up the ethical conducts and culture of the ‘reputable organization’. The ethical risk Mr. Murdoch faces has major repercussions to the organization’s reputation. Mr. Murdoch’s conducts or role in the scam that raises questions on his ethical conduct is in my views the organizations and his position in the business. The ethical issue however spreads and engulfs him as an employee. This is an evident of how organizations may influence ethical behaviors of their employees. In summary, there are countless facets that affect ethic al behavior. Throughout life individuals accumulates ethical or unethical behaviors that adds up to their personality traits.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The accrued individual’s behaviors later merge with both the internal and external influences in the organization to shape their ethical archetype. References Kinicki, A., Kreitner, R. (2009). Organizational Behavior: Key Concepts, Skills and Best Practices. New York, U.S.A: Mcgraw-Hill Sonne, P. (2012). The Wall Street Journal: Murdoch Faces Media Ethics Inquiry.

3d Glasses Essay Essays

3d Glasses Essay Essays 3d Glasses Essay Paper 3d Glasses Essay Paper Informative Speech November 15, 2011 CMM 101 E General Purpose: to inform Specific Purpose Statement: To inform my audience of two methods used for 3-D viewing. (concept) CT: There are two different methods used for 3-D viewing: anaglyphs and polarization. (chronological) Introduction: (When I was a little girl about 4 years old I had a toy that allowed me to see images in 3-D. The toy was red and looked a lot like a pair of binoculars. I could put different white circular cut outs in, each with a different set of pictures. If I clicked a little orange lever the picture would change. (Marshal Brain, founder of howstuffworks. com, which won him 4 awards including Yahoos best science and technology resource in 2004, explains how the toy I am describing and binocular vision works. The toy is called a view master or stereoscopic viewer. The view master imitates how our eyes already work, by using binocular vision. Our eyes are about 2 ? inches apart giving them slightly different views a t the same time allowing for depth perception. ) (â€Å"People only see what they are prepared to see. † , said classic American poet Ralph Waldo Emerson. Our brains and eyes are prepared to see life in 3 dimensions and pictures in 2 dimensions. We are unable to create a sense of depth perception for TV. and movies because both of our eyes are taking in the same image. (I went to see Lion King in 3-D with some friends. Katie had never seen a 3-D movie before. During the movie I saw something move out of the corner of my eye. I realized it was Katie raising her hand in front of her to touch the images. I laughed and she smiled back at me with a quick shrug of her shoulders. ) I had never really thought about how the producers created a 3-D effect before. Director James Cameron, the first director to produce two movies grossing over $ 1 billion announced, â€Å"Every cinema will be capable of showing 3D movies in the next five years. † While 3D may not yet be this exclus ive, 3-D technology has come a long way. (So how exactly do the images of Timon and Pumba singing Hakuna Mattatah seem to start dancing off the screen? ) We will be discussing two methods of 3-D viewing. First we will look at anaglyphs and then polarization. Transition: We all remember those silly cardboard glasses with one blue lens and one red one. They were used in things like comic books and found in cereal boxes. We could put them on and turn a distorted red and blue blurry image into a neat pop off the page clear picture. I. The first method used for 3-D viewing was anaglyphs. A. Anaglyphs were the earliest method of presenting theatrical 3-D. 1. In 1922 â€Å"The Power of Love† was the first 3-D movie. a. The movie used 2 camera two projector 3-D technology according to Internet Movie Database,developed by Harry K. Fairhall and Robert F. Elder at the Ambassador Hotel Theater in Los Angeles. B. Anaglyph systems do not require much specialized hardware. . According to director and writer Fred Wilder, anaglyphs take advantage of binocular viewing, by secluding each eye to take in a similar but separate image. a. Two images are shown simultaneously on one screen through separate filters. b. The images are seen through two matching filters in the lenses of the glasses. 2. Anaglyphs do not allow for full color viewing. Tr ansition:. According to Forbes and New York Times magazine writer Mary Bellis, who has been writing about inventors since 1997, the Polaroid was invented by Edwin Land in 1948, but didnt become very popular until 1965. After the golden age of 3-D in the 1950s the technology lost its appeal to viewers. People would rather see movies in color. It wasnt until the invention of the Polaroid that 3-D would be forever changed. II. The second method used for 3-D viewing is polarization. A. There are two types of polarization linear and circular, both allowing full color viewing. 1. The major feature polarization allows for is full color viewing. 2. The Oxford English dictionary defines polarization as with the use of an object, physics restrict the vibrations of a transverse wave, especially light wholly or partially to one direction. . Polarized light requires a device of some sort to block the vibrations in all directions except one. B. One type of polarization is linear. 1. Linear polarization uses differently polarized lights to create a 3-D effect, explains John Jerit, owner of American Paper Optics, a 3-D glasses manufacturer. a. Clear glasses with the similar polarization lenses are worn to filter t he opposing light sources. 2. Viewers must keep their heads level in order not to distort the image. a. Changing ones view perspective will cause channels to bleed into each other. C. A second type of polarization is circular. . Circular polarization works similarly to linear polarization. a. A major difference between the two types is the total number of images presented on the viewing screen. b. Circular polarization is the method used for RealD 3-D. Conclusion: 3-D started millions of years ago with the first humans to look around. We see life in 3-D, and now movies, television, and video games too. Now when you go to see your first or next 3-D movie you will know how images fly off the screen. However, you will probably still want to touch the objects flying at you like Katie did. Emerson, Ralph, Waldo. The Essential Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Modern Library, 2000. eBook. Child, Ben. James Cameron expects 100% 3D in the next five years. the guardian. 12 April 2011: n. page. Web. 12 Nov. 2011. Jerit, John. How do linear polarized glasses work?. 3d Glasses online. Centrasource interactive agency, 2010. Web. 12 Nov 2011. LaLena, Michael. Which 3D theater to choose. DIY audio and visual. lalena network, 2011. Web. 12 Nov 2011. Brain, Marshall. How 3-D Glasses Work 18 July 2003. Web. 12 November 2011. Wilder, Fred. Anaglyph 3D know-how. stcroix studios. Fred Wilder studio, 2004. Web. 12 Nov 2011. admin, . Circular polarized 3d glasses vs. linear polorized 3D glasses. 3D cameras review. N. p. , 15 Jan 2011. Web. 12 Nov 2011. polarize. Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford University Press. 12 November 2011 Henderson, Tom. â€Å"How do we know light behaves as a wave. †: Polarization. The Physics Classroom Tutorial. 2011. Web. 12 Nov 2011. Bellis, Mary. â€Å"Polaroid photography. Instant photography. † The New York Times Company. 2011. Web. 12 Nov 2011 â€Å"Trivia: The Power of love. † Internet Movie Database. 2011. Web. 12 Nov 2011.

Pride and proofreading - Emphasis

Pride and proofreading Pride and proofreading It is a truth universally acknowledged that any article on the subject of proofreading is bound to contain its own share of errors. However, we face this potential irony head on, as its a practice worth pushing. And while taking pride in your work is a wonderful thing, it goes further even than that: its a matter of credibility. Take heed of poor Jim Knight, the Minister of State for Schools and Learners no less, whose political blog was revealed in February to be full of typos and other mistakes. After forgetting such schoolroom staple rules as i before e except after c, Mr Knight has announced he must do better and always check [his] work. Shouldnt we all? The trouble is that a speedy skim just before you press send isnt going to cut it. This according to the most popular theory among cognitive psychologists at the moment is because of something called parallel letter recognition. This is the idea that, when reading, we process the individual letters of a word simultaneously in order to recognise the word. This certainly begins to make sense of the odd phenomenon whereby, if the first and last letters of a word are in the right place, the middle can be a complete shambles and chances are youll still be able to understand it. Ltlite wnoedr taht tpyos are otefn msiesd, wulndot you arege? In normal reading we dont actually scan every word: our eyes move in little jumps (or saccades), fixating on key words. But short or commonly occurring words are often skipped. While the eyes focus for milliseconds at one point on the page, our peripheral vision gathers information about upcoming words. We interpret based on what we see, but also crucially on what we expect to see. Familiarity with the context leaves us much more likely to make assumptions about what is written, and the chances of us being familiar with the context of our own documents are pretty high (one would hope). And, of course, spell-checkers are very unreliable aids indeed for a language rather fond of its heterographic homophones (words which sound the same but are spelled differently). For example, ewe/you, to/too/two and there/their/theyre; not to mention such similar formations as tough/trough/though/thought. One contributor to the Big Breakfasts forum once fell victim to this very problem. Vehemently defending a young female presenter from accusations of vacuousness, he vowed to always stick up for her: though thick and thin. Freudian slips notwithstanding, we all want to write what we mean and mean what we write. And, of course, to be able to stand by our work with pride. For even more science on the subject, click here.

How can an oil spill destroy a marine ecosystem Essay

How can an oil spill destroy a marine ecosystem - Essay Example The problem is worth discussing; thus, the given paper will analyze the effect of oil spills on marine life (Smith, 2013). The scale of oils spills is large because besides the officially recognized sources of spills, there are additional pollutants connected with everyday humans’ activity. Much of dirt including oils is transferred to seas by means of storm drains. Natural leakage of oils also contributes to this kind of pollution. Serious harm is done to the world oceans when the large amount of oil is spilt into the sea at once. It is especially dangerous for marine life as in this case the sea does not have enough time to recover. As West puts it, â€Å"Despite massive clean-up efforts following the  Exxon Valdez oil spill  in 1989, for example, a 2007 study conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) found that 26, 000 gallons of oil from the Exxon Valdez oil spill was still trapped in the sand along the Alaska shoreline† (West, n.d. ). When oil appears in the sea, some of volatiles are evaporated at once, while the oil forms a pellicle that swims in the water and can sweep large areas. Certainly, marine animals and fish, which appear near this pellicle, can be impacted negatively. First of all, the species, which live in the water and consume vegetation, can suffer because oil impedes the oxygen entering and prevents water exchange that causes the death of vegetation consumed by fish and marine animals. This leads to death from starvation (Smith, 2013). Animals and birds, which appear in the oil film, smudge with oil, and since oil coating cannot be easily eliminated, they can die from loosing the water resistance of their coats. Flying birds can also be smudged that prevents them from normal flying. â€Å"Some animals are more vulnerable to oil than others. For example, young may be less able to deal with either coatings or exposure to toxic substances than adults due to their size, underdeveloped immune syst ems and behaviors. Marine mammals, seabirds (especially penguins) and  sea turtles  are all particularly vulnerable to oil on surface waters as they spend considerable amounts of time on the surface feeding, breathing and resting† (â€Å"Effects of oil on marine life,† n.d.). Oysters and mussels can be also smudged with oil that kills the animals, which consume them. What is more awful is that these species can appear on our table. Such cases have been already met: some people complained that marine products tasted oily. Thus, not only animals, but also people are in risk to consume marine products smudged in oil. Gulping oil is also dangerous for marine species and can lead to long term consequences including the violation of reproductive function, ability to grow, etc. â€Å"Fish and shellfish may not be exposed immediately, but can come into contact with oil if it is in the water column. When exposed to oil, adult fish may experience reduced growth, enlarged liv ers, changes in heart and respiration rates, fin erosion, and reproduction impairment. Oil also has effects on eggs and larval survival† (â€Å"Oil spills can be ...,† n.d.). Thus, it is clear that oil spilt in the water causes more series damage than oil spilt on land as it is not easy to trace it, and also it can cover large areas due to oil film formation. Animals and birds which